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From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (05 January 2017) [foldoc]:
spider
(Or "robot", "crawler") A program that
automatically explores the web by retrieving a
document and recursively retrieving some or all the documents
that are referenced in it. This is in contrast with a normal
web browser operated by a human that doesn't automatically
follow links other than inline images and URL redirection.
The algorithm used to pick which references to follow
strongly depends on the program's purpose. Index-building
spiders usually retrieve a significant proportion of the
references. The other extreme is spiders that try to validate
the references in a set of documents; these usually do not
retrieve any of the links apart from redirections.
The standard for robot exclusion is designed to avoid some
problems with spiders.
Early examples were Lycos and WebCrawler.
{Home
(http://info.webcrawler.com/mak/projects/robots/robots.html)}.
(2001-04-30)