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From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (05 January 2017) [foldoc]:
redundancy
1. The provision of multiple
interchangeable components to perform a single function in
order to provide resilience (to cope with failures and
errors). Redundancy normally applies primarily to hardware.
For example, a cluster may contain two or three computers
doing the same job. They could all be active all the time
thus giving extra performance through parallel processing
and load balancing; one could be active and the others
simply monitoring its activity so as to be ready to take over
if it failed ("warm standby"); the "spares" could be kept
turned off and only switched on when needed ("cold standby").
Another common form of hardware redundancy is {disk
mirroring}.
2. data redundancy.
(1995-05-09)