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From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (05 January 2017) [foldoc]:
fractal
A fractal is a rough or fragmented
geometric shape that can be subdivided in parts, each of which
is (at least approximately) a smaller copy of the whole.
Fractals are generally self-similar (bits look like the whole)
and independent of scale (they look similar, no matter how
close you zoom in).
Many mathematical structures are fractals; e.g. {Sierpinski
triangle}, Koch snowflake, Peano curve, Mandelbrot set
and Lorenz attractor. Fractals also describe many
real-world objects that do not have simple geometric shapes,
such as clouds, mountains, turbulence, and coastlines.
Benoit Mandelbrot, the discoverer of the Mandelbrot set,
coined the term "fractal" in 1975 from the Latin fractus or
"to break". He defines a fractal as a set for which the
Hausdorff Besicovich dimension strictly exceeds the
topological dimension. However, he is not satisfied with
this definition as it excludes sets one would consider
fractals.
{sci.fractals FAQ
(ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/usenet/usenet-by-group/sci.fractals/)}.
See also fractal compression, fractal dimension, {Iterated
Function System}.
Usenet newsgroups: sci.fractals,
alt.binaries.pictures.fractals, comp.graphics.
["The Fractal Geometry of Nature", Benoit Mandelbrot].
[Are there non-self-similar fractals?]
(1997-07-02)