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From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (05 January 2017) [foldoc]:
emoticon
:-)
smiley
smilies
/ee-moh'ti-kon/ (Or "smiley") An ASCII glyph
used to indicate an emotional state in text-only {electronic
messaging} systems such as chat, electronic mail, SMS or
news. Although originally intended mostly as jokes,
emoticons are widely recognised if not expected; the lack of
verbal and visual cues can otherwise cause non-serious
comments to be misinterpreted, resulting in offence, arguments
and flame wars.
Hundreds of emoticons have been proposed, but only a few are
in common use. These include:
:-) "smiley face" (for humour, laughter,
friendliness, occasionally sarcasm)
:-( "frowney face" (for sadness, anger, or upset)
;-) "half-smiley" (ha ha only serious); also
known as "semi-smiley" or "winkey face".
:-/ "wry face"
These are more recognisable if you tilt your head to the left.
The first two are by far the most frequently encountered.
Hyphenless forms of them are also common. The acronym "lol"
is also often used in the same context for the same effect
(and is easier to type).
The emoticon was invented by one Scott Fahlman on the CMU
bboard systems on 1982-09-19. He later wrote: "I had no
idea that I was starting something that would soon pollute all
the world's communication channels." GLS confirms that he
remembers this original posting, which has subsequently been
{retrieved from a backup
(http://research.microsoft.com/~mbj/Smiley/BBoard_Contents.html)}.
As with exclamation marks, overuse of the smiley is a mark of
loserhood! More than one per paragraph is a fairly sure sign
that you've gone over the line.
[Jargon File]
(2010-05-16)