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From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (05 January 2017) [foldoc]:
base memory
The lowest 640 kilobytes of memory in an
IBM PC-compatible computer running MS-DOS. Other PC
operating systems can usually compensate and "ignore" the
fact that there is a 640K limit to base memory. This was put
in place because the original CPU - the Intel 8088 - could
only access one megabyte of memory, and IBM wanted to
reserve the upper 384KB for device drivers. The {high
memory area} (HMA) lies above 640KB and can be accessed on
MS-DOS computers that have an A20 handler.
(1997-05-30)