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From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (05 January 2017) [foldoc]:
Java
An object-oriented, distributed,
interpreted, architecture-neutral, portable,
multithreaded, dynamic, buzzword-compliant, general-purpose
programming language developed by Sun Microsystems in the early
1990s (initially for set-top television controllers) and released
to the public in 1995.
Java was named after the Indonesian island, a source of
programming fluid.
Java first became popular as the earliest portable dynamic
client-side content for the web in the form of
platform-independent Java applets. In the late 1990s and
into the 2000s it also became very popular on the server side,
where an entire set of APIs defines the J2EE.
Java is both a set of public specifications (controlled by
Oracle, who bought Sun Microsystems, through the JCP) and a
series of implementations of those specifications.
Java is syntactially similar to C++ without user-definable
operator overloading, (though it does have method
overloading), without multiple inheritance and extensive
automatic coercions. It has automatic garbage collection.
Java extends C++'s object-oriented facilities with those
of Objective C for dynamic method resolution.
Whereas programs in C++ and similar languages are compiled and
linked to platform-specific binary executables, Java programs
are typically compiled to portable architecture-neutral
bytecode ".class" files, which are run using a {Java Virtual
Machine}. The JVM is also called an interpreter, though it
is more correct to say that it uses Just-In-Time Compilation
to convert the bytecode into native machine code,
yielding greater efficiency than most interpreted languages,
rivalling C++ for many long-running, non-GUI applications.
The run-time system is typically written in POSIX-compliant
ANSI C or C++. Some implementations allow Java class
files to be translated into native machine code during or
after compilation.
The Java compiler and linker both enforce {strong type
checking} - procedures must be explicitly typed. Java
aids in the creation of virus-free, tamper-free systems
with authentication based on public-key encryption.
Java has an extensive library of routines for all kinds of
programming tasks, rivalling that of other languages. For
example, the java.net package supports TCP/IP protocols
like HTTP and FTP. Java applications can access objects
across the Internet via URLs almost as easily as on the
local file system. There are also capabilities for several
types of distributed applications.
The Java GUI libraries provide portable interfaces. For
example, there is an abstract Window class with implementations
for Unix, Microsoft Windows and the Macintosh. The
java.awt and javax.swing classes can be used either in
web-based Applets or in client-side applications or {desktop
applications}.
There are also packages for developing XML applications,
web services, servlets and other web applications,
security, date and time calculations and I/O formatting,
database (JDBC), and many others.
Java is not related to JavaScript despite the name.
http://oracle.com/java.
(2011-08-21)