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From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (05 January 2017) [foldoc]:
compiler
A program that converts another program
from some source language (or programming language) to
machine language (object code). Some compilers output
assembly language which is then converted to {machine
language} by a separate assembler.
A compiler is distinguished from an assembler by the fact that
each input statement does not, in general, correspond to a
single machine instruction or fixed sequence of instructions.
A compiler may support such features as automatic allocation
of variables, arbitrary arithmetic expressions, control
structures such as FOR and WHILE loops, variable scope,
input/ouput operations, higher-order functions and
portability of source code.
AUTOCODER, written in 1952, was possibly the first primitive
compiler. Laning and Zierler's compiler, written in
1953-1954, was possibly the first true working algebraic
compiler.
See also byte-code compiler, native compiler, {optimising
compiler}.
(1994-11-07)